Sunday, July 24, 2011

Tibetan hats (ཞྭ་མོ་ / དབུ་ཞྭ་)

The pionier of Tibetan studies, Giuseppe Tucci, mentioned somewhere that the Tibetans are fond of hats. Sanggye Gyatsho (1653-1705), the famous regent of Tibet wrote that Lhasa is the city of different languages and different hat-styles (སཀད་རིགས་ཞྭ་རིགས་མི་གཅིག་པ་ / skad rigs zhwa rigs mi gcig pa).


Below are some illustrations of Tibetan hats (photographed from publications on the Potala murals)

these hats are propably called rtse-zhwa

probably hats from Khalkha ??

left: hats called thang zhu, right: this could be a gzi dom















The famous བོད་རྒྱ་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་ (Bod rgya tshig mdzod chen mo), vol. III, illustrations, lists some hats together with their names.



The hat of Gushri Khan (bstan 'dzin chos kyi rgyal po). Gushri Khan and sde srid Sangs rgyas rgya mtsho (in front of the Fifth Dalai Lama)


Some more names of hats (found in Bod kyi dmangs srol gces btus, ed. by Bstan 'dzin dge legs, p. 208)

These hats were worn by monks:

bon zhva 'ob zhu
sgom zhva
jo zhva
byang chub ser zhva
gcod zhva
thang zhva
sa zhva
zhva nag 
sgro btsems
bla ma sgro rtse
sgro lhug ma




and on p. 211-12 we find a short list of Mongolian hats worn in Tibet in the 17th century:

zhva mo va sgor
lcags mda'
tog zhva
gser thebs
rta zhva tho mor
sog zhva



Bod kyi lo rgyus rig gnas dpyad gzhi'i rgyu cha bdams bsgrigs, vol. 23, p. 174:


zhva mo ar kon (this kind of hat is manufactured in the county of snye mo)

p. 175:
mu tig gi zhva mo thug khog (hat of women worn at festivities)
mu ti thug khog



(will be continued ....) 

Tibetan Tents (གུར་)

Tents were an essential part of Tibetan life, but we do not know much about them, at least I who comes from an urban area in Europe. When browsing through Tibetan documents I came across of names of tents which I am going to collect here for further investigation. The documents I look into can be found on the web page of the Kuendeling Archives http://www.dtab.uni-bonn.de/tibdoc/index1.htm

The wife of Gushri Khan, Kunchi Gyalmo, presented to the Fifth Dalai Lama for his trip to China in 1652 a huge tent (gur chen bkra shis phun tshogs). The regent Sanggye Gyatsho had this tent pulled out of the store-rooms for the enthronement of the Sixth Dalai Lama. A detailed description of this story is found in the regent's རབ་གསལ་གསེར་གྱི་སྙེ་མ།། (ISBN 7-223-00191-7; pp. 343-344).
Here are some terms of tents. The list will be extended in the course of time. Any comment or a reference to a new name by one of my respected followers will be highly appreciated. In advance I offer a སྙིང་ནས་ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ།། to them.


མཇལ་གུར་ཆེན་མོ། mjal gur chen mo / large audience tent [of the Rinpoche, whoever it may be]
དབུ་གུར། dbu gur / main tent
རྒྱ་གུར། rgya gur / this may be the name of a Chinese style tent? Or a large tent?
ལྡིང་གུར། lding gur / tent of the guards (ལྡིང་དཔོན།)
གཉེར་གུར། gnyer gur / tent of the stewards or storekeepers
མགྲོན་གུར། mgron gur / tent of the མགྲོན་གཉེར།
ཐབ་གུར། or གསོལ་ཐབ་གུར། thab gur / gsol thab gur / kitchen tent
སྟར་མོ། star mo / an axe-shaped tent (in German "Dreieckszelt"), this tent is used by lower staff
ཕྱིང་གུར། phying gur / felt tent, yurt

after all this eating and drinking during a visit to a tent camp do not miss the
ཆབ་གུར། chab gur / the tent "where you can wash your hands" [as understood in the Japanese sense!]

In front four small སྟར་མོ་ tents
(picture from the murals in the Potala)

It is obvious from this list is that the names of these tents refer either to the shape or size of a tent or to the rank or function of the users.



And here are the terms of particular parts of tents or a camp (but they show up in a funny Tibetan font, please refer to the romanized form):

རལུང་གནོན། rlung gnon / a kind of protection against wind or storm. I have no idea how it looked.
བྱ་གཡབ། bya g.yab / various spellings: 'ja'/ja/bya/ g.yab/g.yabs / canopy
འགོ་སཔྲོད། 'go sprod / various spellings: mgo sprod/phrod / entrance part of a tent ??
ཡོལ་སྐོར། yol skor / various spellings: yol sgor / surrounding curtains ??

The canopy is made in some cases of white thick cotton material འགའ་དཀར་བྱ་གཡབ་


(will be continued)


Saturday, March 27, 2010

Carnivorous Animals in the Area of Rtsibs ri



The following is a list of carnivorous animals taken from La stod Thub bstan shes rab's Rgyal gyi shrii'am rtsibs ri'i gnas bshad dad gsum 'dren pa'i zhing sa, Kathmandu 2004, pp. 357-58.

[p. 357]

gcan gzan rigs /

stag gzigs dom dred gsa' dang spyang ki g.yi / va dang 'phar ra spre sogs gcan gzan sde / / zhes pa ltar / la stod lho khul 'dir dngos su yod pa ni / gzig / dom / dred / gsa' / g.yi / spyang ki / va mo / 'bre / grum pa / brag sram / chu sram sogs yod / gsa' la yang nang gses / rigs gnyis las / stag ris can gyi gsa' ser khra dang / gzig ris can gyi gsa' sngo khra yod / va mo la yang / dmar po / sngo log / gro log / nag po ste rigs bzhi las dmar po ni gra shin tu legs / gro log ni 'bring / sngo log ni zhan pa'o //
nag po ni dkon no // g.yi la rigs gsum las / lcags g.yi dang / zangs g.yi / dung g.yi dang gsum las / lcags g.yi mdog sngo bo / zangs g.yi mdog dmar po / dung g.yi ni shin tu dkar la dkon no //
va mo nag po dang g.yi dung dkar gnyis gzhi bdag sgo khyi zhes rtsa chen byed / khyi spyang ni dur khrod kha shas la mtshan mo skad thos pa las dngos su mthong mkhan nyung / g.yi dung dkar yang shin tu dkon kyang de sngon na rdzing grong khyim gyi lug rdzi a khu skal bzang gi gnas gsar dur khrod grog zur du yud tsam g.yi dung las dkar ba zhig mthong [p. 358] gral grog gting 'dzul bas rjes su ji tsam btsal kyang mthong mi 'dug / gzhan yang khyad mtshar ba zhig la 1966 rjes la ding ri sa khul la spyang ki nag po dom ltar gzugs stobs che ba / snying kha dkar po can spyang mo 'jigs su rung ba zhig dang pho dkar po gcig bcas byung nas sman 'brog / shar brgyud nas lum / rlung byang / shar lung / bong shod khul / dga' ra khul / pha drug stod gang sar ra lug la gnod 'tshe mi byed par 'bri g.yag kho na la gnod 'tshe byas pas mtshan re la g.yag re tshigs gzhung rus khog dang mgo bo tsam las lhag tu med pas / gnod tshabs chen po byung ste / ro thog tu dug btab pa sogs byas kyang thengs gcig las gnyis mi 'khor / mgo rdung dang rnyi sogs la mi 'dzul ba lo mang gnod 'tshe chen po byung yang / spyang phrug lo ltar 'phel ma bcug / lhag par rdza lung grong sde'i 'bri g.yag chung ba phal cher rdzogs mthar rdza lung grong sde 'u thug te 1984 bod zla gsum pa'i nang spyang tshang khung bkag brgyabs te bsad / spyang phrug nag po gnyis dang dkar po bzhi bcas bsdoms drug byung / lha lung 'ga' res gangs bu le sgo khyi shor bar gsungs shing gang ltar spyang ki nag po dngos su byung ngo //


Wednesday, March 24, 2010

Different Kinds of G.yag, 'Bri mo , etc.




g.yag la nang gses dbye ba /

rog po / dkar po / khra gu / sngo dkar / sngo nag / gdong po / gva zur / gA pa / ga khra / mgo rog / kham spu / kham khra / kham dkar / ser po / ser khra //


Differentiated by Age [lo tshad ni]

be'u / gdung po / bshad pa / grus po / nyis grus / gsum pa / bzhis pa zhes rtsis //


'bri mo la nang gses /

'bri mo rong mo / 'bri mo rong cu / 'bri mo kham dkar / 'bri mo gdong mo / 'bri mo smin drug / 'bri mo gad dmar / 'bri mo gva zur / 'bri mo sngo dkar / 'bri mo kham dkar / kham nag //

lo tshad ni /

be'u / gdung mo / bya ma / tang ma / nyis mo / gsum ma /


lug la nang gses /

'brog lug dang zhing pa'i lug la khyad par yod / 'brog lug rnams rkang rus che ba dang ngo ri dvangs ba rA bcus 'khor ba dang bal rtsa dam pa bcas yod /
zhing lug rnams rkang rus chung ba dang bal rtsa lhod pa bal spu bzang ba yod //

lug dkar tog / ngo dmar / nag se / dmar smug / lug gro mo / lug khra rtsa / khra shur / kha skya / kha sngon / khri dkar / khri nag / nag khra bcas yod //

g.yang lug ni /

rva co drug pa / rva co bzhi pa / rva co gsum pa bcas g.yang lug yin //

lo tshad ni /

lug gu / lag ga / tshe thong / snyid pa / shur pa / kha gang / phyugs kho gcig / phyugs kho gnyis nas gsum zhes rtsis //

lug mo la /

lag ga / tshe mo / snyid na / shur ma / kha gang nas phyugs kho gcig rtsis //


ra la nang gses /

ngang ma / rdzi mo / rgya tshas / rong mo / sngo nag / sngo dkar / sab khra / kham ma / gang rgya / mgo nag bcas so //

lo tshad ni /

re'u / rtsi spu / gre pho / shur pa / kha gang dang /
gre mo / snyid na / shur ma / kha gang nas phyugs kho gcig phyugs kho gnyis bcas rtsis //


khyi la nang gses /

zang khyi / bod khyi / sha khyi / shag rtsa / rgya khyug / hab sog //



See also Gu ge Tshe ring rgyal po'i "ched rtsom phyogs bsgrigs" p. 129:

glang bcu'i 'brog pa tshos sgo phyugs cher long rim bzhin ming mi 'dra bar 'dogs kyi yod pa der dmigs bsal gyi khyad chos ldan yod pa ni

dper na

g.yag la 
spo ba dang pho g.yag
'bri mo / be'u / lo gsum / g.ya'u /

lug la
ru bo dang / khal ba / ma mo / thong pa / lag po / lu gu /

ra la
pha ra dang ra pho / ra thong / rtsid bu / ri'u /

rta la
dang pho chen / rgod ma / co ba / co ma / thu ru / rti'u

bcas kha gsal por dbye srol 'dug ///



 




Domesticated Animals in the Area of Rtsibs ri


The following is a list of domesticated animals taken from La stod Thub bstan shes rab's Rgyal gyi shrii'am rtsibs ri'i gnas bshad dad gsum 'dren pa'i zhing sa, Kathmandu 2004, pp. 353-54.

g.yag / 'bri / mdzo / mdzo mo / glang / rtol le / sgar / sgir / gser gling / sgir ba / ba phyugs / bam mdzo / ko g.yag / rta / drel / bong bu / thol log / lug / ra / khyi / phag pa / zhi mi / khyim bya pho mo sogs yod //


'bri dang glang 'dres pas / pho skyes pa la / mdzo dang / mo skyes pa la mdzo mo zhes brjod  //


mdzo mo dang glang 'dres pas / rtol mo dang / rtol mo dang glang 'dres pas / sgar dang / sgar dang glang 'dres pas sgir dang / sgir dang glang 'dres pas / gser gling dang / gser gling dang glang 'dres pas sgir ba / sgir ba dang glang 'dres pas / ba phyugs yin no / ba phyugs dang g.yag 'dres pas / bam mdzo dang / mdzo mo dang g.yag 'dres pa la / ko g.yag yin no / 'bri dang rong glang 'dres pas ur mdzo yin //


bong gseb dang rta 'dres pas drel dang / rta gseb dang bong bu 'dres pas / thol log yin no //


dre'u pho mo mo gsham ste rabs chad du byed do //